Inner   Mongolia     

Overview

  Inner Mongolia was the first national autonomous region established in China. Inner Mongolia stretches along china's northern border with the Mongolia and the Russia, and covers an oblong area of over 1.28 million square kilometers,or one eighth of the country"s total. Of all the chinese provinces and autonomous regions it is the third largest after Xinjiang and Tibet.

  Inner Mongolia is a multi-national autonomous region. It had a population of 21 million by the end Up to 1982, the Mongolian nationality numbered 2.4 million. In addition,there are other ethnic minority groups--the Huis, the Manchus, the Daurs, the Ewenkis, the Koreans, the Oroqens, the Zhuangs, the Tibetans and the Tus

Climate

  Inner Mongolia has a temperate continental monsoonal climate with four distinct seasons because it is far from sea, its high terrain and obstruction of mountain. It has long,cold winter. Summer is short but warm. Known as the"arctic in china", the temperature's record low is -50*c. It is windy in all seasons, especially in spring.

CITY:  HAILAER      PROVINCE:  NEI MONGGOL
LATITUDE:  49 DEG 13 MIN N   LONGDITUDE:  119 DEG 45 MIN E  ELEVATION:2010 FT
 
                  JAN  FEB  MAR  APR  MAY  JUN  JUL  AUG  SEP  OCT  NOV  DEC
HIGH (F)           -4    3   22   46   63   75   78   74   62   45   21    2
LOW (F)           -25  -21   -3   23   37   50   56   52   39   22   -1  -18
RAINFALL (IN)     0.1  0.1  0.2  0.5  1.0  2.2  3.7  3.4  1.5  0.4  0.2  0.2
HUMIDITY (%)       78   78   71   55   48   60   71   74   69   62   73   79
DAYS OF SNOW COVER 29   26   21    6    1    0    0    0    0    5   19   26
 
CITY:  HOHHOT       PROVINCE:  NEI MONGGOL
LATITUDE:  40 DEG 48 MIN N   LONGDITUDE:  111 DEG 38 MIN E  ELEVATION:3487 FT
 
                  JAN  FEB  MAR  APR  MAY  JUN  JUL  AUG  SEP  OCT  NOV  DEC
HIGH (F)           22   29   44   60   73   81   83   79   70   57   39   24
LOW (F)            -1    5   20   33   45   55   60   58   45   33   18    3
RAINFALL (IN)     0.1  0.2  0.4  0.7  1.1  1.8  3.9  5.0  1.8  0.9  0.3  0.1
HUMIDITY (%)       56   53   46   41   41   49   63   69   63   61   58   59
DAYS OF SNOW COVER  9    9    4    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    3    7

Where is INNER MONGOLIA?

  Inner Mongolia, or Nei Mongol, is an Autonomous Region in northern China. It has a population of over 20 million people, of whom about 2.7 million are Mongols.

  Much of the area consists of high plateau or steppe, some of which is over 1000 m above sea level. The region has a severe climate, with long cold winters, low rainfall, and frequent droughts. The climate becomes more arid towards the west.

  The capital of Inner Mongolia, and its largest city, is Hohhot. Baotou, in central Inner Mongolia, is the major industrial city of the region, with a large iron and steel complex. However, much of the population is still engaged in more traditional pastoral activities, especially raising sheep, cattle, camels and horses, on the temperate grasslands or steppes. These herds provide wool and leather, as well as meat and dairy products. Inner Mongolia is the largest producer of sheep wool, goat wool, and cashmere in China.

Cities in Inner Mongolia

Hohhot

  Hohhot,known as the "blue city" in the Mongolian language is situated in the 1,000-odd-metre high Tumuochuan Plain, which is a smooth and fertile terrain rich in water source, between the Huanghe River and the southern foot of Daqing Mountain.

  It was once the centre for the activities of the nomadic nationalities in North china, and many scenic spots and historial sites remain in the city. There are a site for making stone wares some 500,000 years ago, known as the Dayao Culture in the chinese history, the ruins of the Great Wall built by the state of Zhao during the Warring States period, the famous Wang Zhaojun's Tomb of the Han Dynasty, the Ten-thousand-avatamsaka-sutra Pagoda of the Liao Dynasty and many other temples built in the Ming and Qing dynasty.

Baotou

  Located in the Hetao Plain and facing the Daqing Mountain in the north and the Huanghe River in the south, Baotou is the junction of a number of railways:the Baotou-Beijing Railway, the Baotou-Lanzhou Railway, the Baotou-Paiyunopo Railway and the Baotou--shiguaigou Railway.

  It is also a centre for water transport on the Huanghe River. Serving as a clearing house for farm and animal products,furs and medicinal herbs in the western part of the autonomous region, Baotou has highways reaching to all its neighbouring leagues.

  With fine-quality iron ores, coal deposits and refractory materials as well as hydropower resources from the Huanghe River in its surrounding areas, it has become one of china's important iron and steel industry centres and also has fast-growing cement manufacturing, aluminium-smelting, sugar-making and textile industries.

  Wudang Zhao, known as Guangjue Temple is famous historical relic in Baotou.

                        
Other Cities
                        
  Jining is a converging point of the Beijing-Baotou 
                        and the Jining-Erlian railways and a clearing house 
                        for industrial,farming and animal products in the autonomous 
                        region. 
                        
  Other 
                        important cities include Erlianhot,one of China's foreign 
                        trade transfer centres, and Wuda, a famous coal colliery; 
                        and Chifeng, a famous city with a long history, a hub 
                        of communications and a centre for goods distribution 
                        in the eastern part of the region as well as a rising 
                        industrial city centering on the light and textile industries.
                        

Economics  Style

  Economic history

  Farming appeared in the Hetao Plain of the Huanghe River valley as far back as the far back as the Qin and Han dynastics over 2,000 years ago. In the seventh century,the nomadic Mongols began animal breeding and hunting through collective efforts. After the 10th century, the semi-hunting and semi-herding Mongols largely gave up hunting and many became purely nomadic. Meanwhile,a light agriculture and handicraft industry came into being. In the past agriculture and livestock were the predominant economy in the autonomous region. The rich natural resources remained unexplored and there was practically no modern industry at all. In 1947 when the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was established,agricultural output value constituted 90 percent of the economy,while light industry and heavy industry accounted for 8.3 and 1.7 percent respectively. 

  Characteristics of Economic Development

  Gone are the old days. The old Inner Mongolia,ravage- and Poverty-ridden,has now been developed into an area with a prosperous socialist economy. The farming and animal hushandry of the region are developing rapidly,the industrial structure is becoming more rational, and the household economy peculiar to the region and the new-type contract responsibility system for managing grassland and stock-breed -ing are getting perfect.All these have promoted the development of productivity in the region.Various kinds of township-run enterprises have come into being. Industry is developing with stability and coordination following reforms and readjustment, economic efficiency has greatly improved,and the development of light and heavy industries is basically coordinated.
 

(1) It has long winters and short summers and many days of sunshine and has great differences in temperature between daytime and night,suitable for growing short-cycle food crops and such cash crops as linseed and beets.

(2) Most of its land areas are suitable for the growth of trees and grasses.

(3) With extensive natural grassland,it is a unique place for livestock breeding ,including the farming,semi-farming and semi-stock raising areas.

(4) It has many local specialties and a wealth of rare birds and animals.

  According to its natural conditions and the differences in economic and historical development,Inner Mongolia can be divided into four economic areas :Livestock breeding, crop cultivation, a combination of both,and forest hunting,while emphasis must be laid on livestock breeding should be encouraged and each area should have its own priorities best-suited to its specific conditions. Moreover, diverstified undertakings should also be encouraged to ensure an all-round development..
 

  In addition ,a well-balanced industrial system has been established covering coal, power, lumbering, machine-building, chemicals, light industries, textiles, tanning and foodstuffs, An industrial centre has now come into existence that is based on Hohhot, Baotou and Wuhai, and includes many other small and medium-sized cities, such as Jining,Chifeng,Tongliao and Ulanhot.

  Inner Mongolia has extensive coal and iron ores, making it one of China's important steel and coal producers. Rich coal deposits are found in Jalainor, Wata, Zhuozishan, Jungar and Baotou. The iron ore in Paiyunopo consists of an exceptionally large intergrowth of iron rare-earth metals and niobium, especially rich in precious rare-earth mental deposits.

  The Jungar coalfield , located in the western part of the autonomous region and with an area of 1,723 square kilometres and coal reserves of 36.2 billion tons,will be the largest open-pit coal mine in china when it is put into operation.

  Inner Mongolia can now produce precision machine tools and heavy mining equipment. General machines for farmers and herdsmen are now manufactured in country-or banner-level factories.

  With abundant raw materials and solid technical resources, Inner Mongolia is rapidly developing textile industry that turns out a variety of products including woven fabrics, fine fabrics, woolen yarn, worsted yarn, knitting wool, woollen blankets, carpet, plush, woollen cloth, camel-hair cloth, cashmere sweaters, industrial rugs, leather and others.

  Sugar-making from beets is another important industry, which has high yield and great potential for further development.

  It also has a time-honoured handicraft industry that provides Mongolian tents, horse saddles, Mongolian boots and copper kettles. Its production has been increasing to meet demand.  
 

  In addition, the Jining-Erlian Railway forms one section of the international line, and a number of branch and special lines serve the Baotou Iron and steel Works, forestry areas and some other industrial enterprises. The highway network reaches every part of the autonomous region:from cities to the countryside and the vast forestry and stockbreeding areas.

  Now it has six air routes to Beijing, Lanzhou, Yinchuan and all the key cities within the autonomous region. The region's inland waterway was 602 kilometres long and the Hetao section of the Huanghe River is the only navigable waterway. 

Constitution of the Inner Mongolian People's Party

I. Name:
In Mongolian: Obor Mongoliin Ardiin Nam (Ovor Ardiin Nam)
In English: Inner Mongolian People's Party (IMPP)
In Chinese: Nei Menggu Renmingdang (Nei Ren Dang)

II. The Guiding Principles of the IMPP
The IMPP uphold the principles of democracy and peace in fighting to end the Chinese Communist Party's colonial rule in Inner Mongolia.
The ultimate goal of the IMPP: Achieving the independence of Inner Mongolia.
The intermediary goal of the IMPP: Establishing a confederated union with China in the course of the future social development in China.

III. The Organization of the IMPP
1. The IMPP has a Chairman, several vice Chairmen, a general secretary and a standing committee.
The Chairman, vice Chairmen, the secretary general are automatic members of the standing committee.
2. The highest power of the IMPP lies in with the congress. The congress meets once in every four years.
3. Members of the standing committee are elected by congress representatives. The standing committee meets to discuss concrete matters of the IMPP at the proposal of the Chairman, and with the participation of at least fifty percent of the members of the standing committee.
4. The Chairman and vice Chairmen of the IMPP are directly elected or replaced through a direct, two third majority vote by the standing committee. The candidate for the position of secretary general is proposed by the Chairman to be approved by the standing committee.
5. Addition of new members or the replacement of current members of the standing committee must be proposed by at least two standing committee members and passed by an anonymous majority vote (of over fifty percent).
6. The IMPP sets up specific departments and branches in specific countries and regions. Matters concerning the establishment of departments and branches and the appointment of directors of departments and country branches are decided by the chairman and vice chairmen through deliberations.
7. The IMPP has an Advisory Board made up of non-IMPP members.

IV. IMPP Membership
1. Any individuals, regardless region, race can apply to become IMPP members on condition that they accept the IMPP constitution, are willing to actively participate in the party's activities.
2. IMPP members have the freedom of withdrawing their membership.

V. Disciplines
1. Members of the IMPP have the obligation to abide by the rules of the party, obey the party's leadership and carryout the tasks assigned by the party.
2. Members of IMPP must protect secretes of the party, which include the number, names of party members, and those documents, information , data and actions determined by the chairman , vice chairmen and standing committee as party secretes.

VI. Amendments to the IMPP constitution can take effect only with a pass by a two-third majority vote at the standing committee meetings.

VII. External Policy
1. The IMPP actively seeks contact with all governments, parties, organizations and individuals that support our cause.
2. The IMPP pay particular attention to strengthening the cooperative ties with the national independent movements of Tibet, Eastern Turkestan and Taiwan.
3. The IMPP actively seeks communications with Chinese democratic parties and organizations.

VIII. The flag of the IMPP is blue in background, with images of red-colored fire, golden-colored sun, and white-colored moon in the center.

IX. The constitution of the IMPP takes effect after passing at the first IMPP congress.

March 21, 1997 

A Wonderful Sight of Inner Mongolia

Genghis Khan Mausoleum in Inner Mongolia